The Jewish supervisor of the Soviet Gulag system, Genrikh Yagoda, murdered millions of Christians during the Bolshevik Revolution. He said: “Some call it Marxism, I call it Judaism.”
The Jewish Bolshevik Revolutionist Leon Trotsky was funded by Jewish bankers to overthrow the Emperor of Russia Nicholas II. His entire family was slaughtered. Trotsky then developed a ‘slow starvation’ strategy which was used to murder millions of Christians by famine.
In his own words: “In a country where the sole employer is the State, opposition means death by slow starvation. The old principle: Who does not work shall not eat, has been replaced by a new one: Who does not obey shall not eat.” (Think CBDC and social score.)
Study the Bolshevik Revolution, the perpetrators and Jewish funders to understand what the Zionist globalists and the World Economic Forum have planned for you: “You’ll own nothing and be happy.”
As Karl Marx said: “The theory of Communism may be summed up in one sentence: Abolish all private property.”
And when they warn you about ‘conspiracy theories’ always remember what mass murderer Lenin learned from his masters:
“The press should not only be a collective propagandist and a collective agitator, but also a collective organizer of the masses.”
Fight for your right to free speech and expose the evildoers.
THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION — DARKNESS DESCENDS (Video)
Source: https://x.com/KimDotcom/status/1831332704937451649
Jews in the Bolshevik Government
I would like to point out right away that I am not against Jews, I have many friends among them and I consider them a wonderful people.
However, for the sake of historical truth, we must know that 153 of the 193 leading positions in Lenin’s government were occupied by Jews. This is neither good nor bad, this is our history. And God forbid anyone should draw any anti-Semitic or Russophobic conclusions from this fact. But we must know history.
JEWS in government institutions and the Central Committee of party organizations
1. Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars – Ulyanov (Lenin). Russian.
2. Commissioner of Foreign Affairs – Chicherin. Russian.
3. Commissioner for Nationalities – Dzhugashvili (Stalin). Georgian. He is actually half-Jewish, on his mother’s side .
4. President of the Supreme Economic Council – Lurye (Larin). Jew.
5. Commissioner for Restoration – Schlichter. Jew.
6. Commissioner of Agriculture – Protian. Armenian.
7. Commissioner of State Control – Lander. Jew.
8. Commissar of the Army and Navy – Bronstein (Trotsky). Jew.
9. Commissioner of State Lands – Kaufman. Jew.
10. Commissioner of Public Works – Shmidt. Jew.
11. Commissioner of Public Supplies – E. Lilina (Knigisen). Jewish.
12. Commissar of Public Education – Lunacharsky. Russian. ( married to a Jewess, Rosenel)
13. Commissioner of Religions – Spitzberg. Jew.
14. People’s Commissar – Apfelbaum (Zinoviev). Jew.
15. Commissioner of Public Hygiene – Anvelt. Jew.
16. Finance Commissioner – Gukovsky. Jew.
17. Press Commissioner – Cohen (Volodarsky). Jew.
18. Commissioner for Election Affairs – Radomyslsky (Uritsky). Jew.
19. Commissioner of Justice – Steinberg. Jew.
He was in charge of executions.
20. Evacuation Commissioner – Fenigstein. Jew.
21. His assistants are Ravich and Zaslavsky. Jews.
MILITARY REGISTRATION OFFICE
1. Commissar of the Army and Navy – Bronstein (Trotsky). Jew.
2. Chairman of the revolutionary headquarters of the Northern Army – Fishman. Jew.
3. Commissar of the Military Court of the 12th Army – Romm. Jew.
4. Political Commissar of the 12th Army – Meichik. Jew.
5. Political Commissar of the 4th Army Headquarters – Livenson. Jew.
6. Chairman of the Council of Armies of the Western Front – Pozern. Jew.
7. Political Commissar of the Moscow Military District – Gubelman. Jew.
8. Political Commissar of the Vitebsk Military District – Deib. Latvian.
9. Commissar of military requisitions of the city of Slutsk – Kalmanovich. Jew.
10. Political Commissar of the Samara Division – Beckman. Jew.
11. Military commissar of the same division – Gluzman. Jew.
12. Commissar of the requisition detachment of the Moscow District – Zuzmanovich. Jew.
13. Chairman of the Main Moscow Military Council – Bronstein (Trotsky). Jew.
His assistants:
14. Girshfeld. Jew.
15. Sklyansky. Jew.
Members of the same Council:
16. Shorodak. Jew.
17. Petch. Jew.
18. Military Commissar of the Moscow Province – Steinhardt. German.
19. Military Commissar of the Moscow Province – Dulis. Latvian.
20. Commissioner of the Border Guard School – Glazer. Latvian.
21. Political Commissar of the 15th Soviet Division – Dzennis. Latvian.
22. Political Commissar of the 15th Soviet Division – Polonsky. Jew.
23. Commissar of the Military Council of the Caucasian Armies – Lekhtiner. Jew.
24. Extraordinary Commissioner of the Eastern Front – Bruno. Jew.
25. Extraordinary Commissar of the Eastern Front – Shulman. Jew.
26. Member of the Kazan Military Council – Rosengolts. Jew.
27. Member of the Kazan Military Council – Meigoff. Jew.
28. Member of the Kazan Military Council – Nazengolts. Jew.
29. The commander of the Red Army in Yaroslavl is Hecker. A Jew.
30. Head of the Petrograd Military Commissariat – Zeiger. Jew.
31. Political Commissar of the Petrograd Military District – Gittis. Jew.
32. Commander of the Western Front against Czechoslovakia – Vatsetis. Latvian.
33. Member of the Council of the military commune – Lazimer. Jew.
34. Head of the Military Commune (former Austrian officer) – Kolman. Jew.
35. Chief of the Moscow Military District – Bitsis. Latvian.
36. Military Commissar of the Moscow Military District, – Metkaz. Jew.
37. Chief of Defense of Crimea – Zak. Jew.
38. Commander of the Kursk Front – Sluzin. Jew.
39. His assistant is Zilberman. A Jew.
40. Political Commissar of the Romanian Front – Spiro. Jew.
41. Representative for peace negotiations with Germany – Davidovich. Jew.
42. Candidate – Shneur. Latvian.
43. Soldier – Smidovich. Jew.
COMMISSARIAT OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS (i.e. for executions)
1. People’s Commissar – Apfelbaum (Zinoviev). Jew.
2. His assistant – the head of the Extraordinary Commission – Radomyslsky (Uritsky). Jew.
3. Head of propaganda – Goldenrudin. Jew.
4. Chairman of the Economic Commission of the Petrograd Commune – Ender. Jew.
5. Vice-chairman of the hygiene commission – Rudin. Jew.
6. Commissioner for the evacuation of refugees – Finigstein. Jew.
7. His assistant is Abraham Starch. A Jew.
8. Commissar of the Petrograd press – Voldarsky. Jew.
9. Commissioner of the Moscow Press – Krasikov. Jew.
10. Commissioner of the Petrograd Police – Feyerman. Jew.
11. Head of the Printing Bureau – Martinson. Jew.
12. Moscow Commissar of Public Security – Rosenthal. Jew.
Members of the Petrograd Extraordinary Commission (Cheka)
13. Meinkman. Jew.
14. Giller. Jew.
15. Kozlovsky. Pole.
16. Model. Jew.
17. I. Rozmirovich. Jewess.
18. Diesperov. Armenian.
19. Iselevitch. Jew.
20. Krassikov. Jew.
21. Bukhan. Armenian.
22. Merbis. Latvian.
23. Paikis. Latvian.
24. Anvelt. German.
Members of the Council of the Petrograd Commune
25. Zorke. Jew.
26. Radomyslsky. Jew.
Members of the Moscow Extraordinary Commission
27. Chairman – Dzerzhinsky. Pole. (married to a Jewess)
28. Vice-Chairman – Peters. Latvian.
29. Shklovsky. Jew.
30. Kneyfis. Jew.
31. Zeistin. Jew.
32. Razmirovich. Jew.
33. Kronberg. Jew.
34. Khaikina. Jewish.
35. Carlson. Latvian.
36. Shauman. Latvian.
37. Lentovich. Jew.
38. Rivkin. Jew.
39. Antonov. Russian.
40. Delafarb. Jew.
41. Tsitkin. Jew.
42. E. Razmirovich. Jew.
43. G. Sverdlov. Jew.
44. Blumkin. A Jew. ( This is the one who shot the German ambassador Mirbach. Lenin swore to find the murderer and punish him. But there was nothing to find. He was the head of Dzerzhinsky’s department. And his office was one floor below Dzerzhinsky’s.)
45. Bizensky. Jew.
46. Alexandrovich. Russian.
47. Reitenberg. Jew.
48. Phineas. Jew.
49. Legislative Assembly. Jew.
50. Yakov Goldin. Jew.
51. Galperstein. Jew.
52. Kniggisen. Jew.
53. Lacis. Latvian.
54. Dayball. Latvian.
55. Seizan. Armenian.
56. Deibkin. Latvian.
57. Head of Taganrog prison – Libert. Jew.
58. Vogel. German.
59. Sour. Latvian.
60. Shillenkus. Jew.
61. Janson. Latvian.
62. Chairman of the Trubetskoy Bastion and Peter and Paul Fortress Commission. Jew.
COMMISSARIAT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
1. People’s Commissar – Chicherin. Russian. (see above)
His assistants:
2. Karakhan. Jew.
3. Fritsche. Latvian.
4. Director of the passport expedition – Margolin. Jew.
5. Ambassador in Berlin – Joffe. Jew.
6. Assigned to the embassy in Berlin – Levin (in 1919 People’s Commissar in the Bavarian Soviet Republic) Jew.
7. Head of the press and information bureau at the embassy in Berlin – Axelrod. Jew.
8. Ambassador to Vienna and London – Rosenfeld (Kamenev). Jew.
9. Extraordinary Commissioner in Paris and London – Beck. Jew.
10. The envoy to Christiania is Beitler. A Jew.
11. Consul in Glasgow – Malkin. Jew.
12. Chairman of the peace delegation in Kyiv – Cain Rakovsky. Jew.
13. Legal consultant – Astshub (Ilsen). Jew.
14. Consul General in Kyiv – Grunbaum (Kshevinsky). Jew.
15. Consul General in Odessa – A. Bek. Jewish.
16. In the United States of North America (Unofficial Representative) – Martens. German.
FINANCE COMMISSION
1. People’s Commissar – Merzhvinsky. Pole.
2. His assistant is Don-Solovei. A Jew.
3. Commissar – Isidor Gukovsky. Jew.
4. His assistant is I. Axelrod. A Jew.
5. Director of the Chancellery – Zaks (Gladnev). Jew.
6. Director of the office – Bogolepov. Russian.
7. Chief Secretary – Haskin. Jew.
8. His assistant is Berta Khinevich. A Jewess.
9. Chairman of the Financial Congress of Councils – Lacis. Latvian.
10. His assistant is Weistman. A Jew.
11. Commissioner for the liquidation of Russian-German accounts – Furstenberg (Ganetsky). Jew.
12. His chief secretary is Kogan. A Jew.
13. Administration of People’s Banks – Mikhelson. Jew.
14. Administration of the People’s Banks – Legislative Assembly. Jew.
15. Administration of the People’s Banks – Axelrod. Jew.
16. Administration of the people’s banks – Sadnikov. Russian.
FINANCIAL AGENTS
17. In Berlin – Landau. Jew.
18. In Copenhagen – Vorovsky. Jew.
19. In Stockholm – Abraham Shenkman. Jew.
20. Chief auditor of the people’s banks – Kan. Jew.
21. His assistant is Gorenstein. A Jew.
22. Chief Commissioner for the Liquidation of Private Banks – Anrik. Jew.
23. His assistant is Moses Kovsh. A Jew.
MEMBERS OF THE TECHNICAL COMMISSION FOR THE LIQUIDATION OF PRIVATE BANKS
24. Eliashevich. Jew.
25. G. Giftlich. Jew.
26. A. Rogov. Jew.
27. G. Lemerich. Jew.
28. A. Rosenstein. Jew.
29. A. Plat. Latvian.
COMMISSARIAT OF JUSTICE
1. People’s Commissar – I. Steinberg. Jew.
2. Commissioner of the Cassation Department – Schroeder. Jew.
3. Chairman of the Moscow Revolutionary Tribunal – I. Berman. Jew. ( It should be taken into account that in those days the main punishment was execution)
4. Commissioner of the Senate in Petrograd – Ber. Jew.
5. Chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Commission of the Republic – Bronstein-Trotsky. Jew.
6. Chairman of the Investigative Commission at the Revolutionary Tribunal – Gluzman. Jew.
7. Investigator of the same Tribunal – Legendorf. Jew.
8. Investigator of the same Tribunal – Slutsky. Jew.
9. The Prosecutor of the Tribunal is Friedkin. A Jew.
10. Senior Secretary of the Codification Department – Goynbark. Jew.
11. Chief Secretary of the People’s Commune – Shirvin. Jew.
12. Commissar for People’s Defense – Lutsky. Jew.
The following is a list of public defenders:
1. G. Antokolsky. Jew.
2. V. Aranovich. Jew.
3. I. Beyer. Jew.
4. R. Bisk. Jew.
5. A. Gundar. Jew.
6. G. Davidov. Jew.
7. R. Kastarian. Armenian.
Commissariat of Public Education:
1. People’s Commissar – Lunacharsky. Russian. (married to a Jewish woman, Rosenthal)
2. Commissioner of the Northern Region – Grunberg. Jew.
3. Chairman of the Commission of the Educational Institute – Zolotnitsky. Jew.
4. Head of the municipal section – Lurye. Jew.
5. Head of Plastic Arts – Sternberg. Jew.
6. Chief Secretary of the Commissariat – M. Eichenholz. Jew.
7. Head of the Theatre Section – O. Z. Rosenfeld. Jewish. ( This is Kamenev’s wife. And Kamenev is Jewish.)
8. Her assistant is Zats. A Jewess.
9. Director of the 2nd Department – Groinim. Jew.
List of journalists and employees of central newspapers:
1. Employees of the newspapers: Pravda, Izvestia, Finance and National Economy.
1. Dinn. Jew.
2. Bergman. Jew.
3. Kuhn. Jew.
4. Duamant. Jew.
5. A. Bramson. The Jew.
6. A. Torbert. Jew.
7. I. V. Golin. Jew.
8. Bitner. Jew.
9. E. Alperovich. Jew.
10. Kloisner. Jew.
11. Nakhamkes (Steklov). Jew.
12. Ziger (Ilyin). Jew.
13. Grosman (Rozin). Jew.
14. Lurye (Rumyantsev). Jew.
15. Maxim Gorky. Russian.
2. Employees of the newspaper “Banner of Labor”.
1. Steinberg. Jew.
2. Lander. Jew.
3. Yaroslavsky. Jew.
4. Efron. Jew.
5. Schumacher. Jew.
6. Levin. Jew.
7. Billin. Jew.
8. Davidson. Jew.
9. Maxim Gorky. Russian.
3. Employees of the newspaper “Volya Truda”.
1. Legislative Assembly. Jew.
2. Polyansky. Jew.
3. E. Katz. Jew.
4. Employees of the “Trade and Industrial Newspaper”.
1. Bernstein. Jew.
2. Kogan. Jew.
3. Goldberg. Jew.
4. Goldman. Jew.
5. V. Rosenberg. Jew.
6. Rafalovich. Jew.
7. Groman. Jew.
8. Kulischer. Jew.
9. Slavenson. Jew.
10. I. Giller. Jew.
11. Gahman. Jew.
12. Shushman. Jew.
13. P. Bastel. Jew.
14. A. Press. Jew.
15. A. Mokh. Jew.
16. A. S. Emanson. Jew.
Commission to Investigate the Assassination of Emperor Nicholas II
1. Sverdlov. Jew.
2. Sosnovsky. Jew.
3. Teodorovich. Jew.
4. Smidovich. Jew.
5. Rosengoltz. Jew.
6. Rozin. Jew.
7. Vladimirsky-Girshfeld. Jew.
8. Avanesov. Armenian.
9. Maximov. Russian.
10. Mitrofanov. Russian.
Main Council of the National Economy
1. Chairman of the Moscow Council – Rykov. Russian.
2. Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet – Eismont. Jew.
3. Vice-chairman of the Petrograd Soviet – Landeman. Jew.
4. Director of the Petrograd Soviet – Kreinis. Jew.
5. Vice-chairman of the Moscow Council – Krassikov. Jew.
6. Director of the Moscow Council – A. Shotman. Jew.
7. His assistant is Khaikina. A Jewess.
8. Head of the restoration section – Kitschwalter. Jew.
9. Observer of <Restorations> – N. A. Rosenberg. Jew.
10. His assistant is Sandich. A Jew.
11. Chairman of the butter production committee – Tavrid. Jew.
12. Ditto the fish breeding committee – Klammer. Jew.
13. Ditto coal section – Rotenberg. Jew.
14. Ditto transport section – Khirzan. Armenian.
15. His assistant is Shlemov. A Jew.
16. Chairman of the metallurgical section – A. Alperovich. Jew.
Bureau of the Supreme Council of the Economic Section
17. Kreitman. Jew.
18. Weinberg. Jew.
19. Krasin. Russian.
20. Lurye (Larin). Jew.
21. Chuber. Jew.
22. Goldblatt. Jew.
23. Lomov. Russian.
24. Alperovich. Jew.
25. Rabinovich. Jew.
Donetsk Committee Council
26. Kogan (Bernstein). Jew.
27. A. I. Ochkis. Jew.
28. Polonsky. Jew.
29. Bisk. Latvian.
30. Cool. Latvian.
31. Livshits. Jew.
32. Kirsch. German.
33. Kruse. German.
34. Vikhter. Jew.
35. Rosenthal. Jew.
36. Simanovich. Jew.
Members of the Cooperative Section
37. Lubomirsky. Jew.
38. Kintshtuk. Jew.
39. Sedelheim. Jew.
40. Tager. Jew.
41. Heikin. Jew.
42. Krizhevsky. Jew.
Members of the Coal Section
43. Cassior. Jew.
44. Goldman. Jew.
45. Lengnitz. Jew.
46. Holtzman. Jew.
47. Shmidt. Jew.
48. Smith Falkner. Jew.
49. Rudzitak. Jew.
50. Sortel. Jew.
51. Blum. The Jew.
52. Katzel. Jew.
53. Sul. Jew.
54. Chetkov. Russian.
Bureau of the First Council of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies in Moscow
1. Chairman of the 1st Council of Soldiers’ Deputies – Leiba Kuntish. Jew.
2. Chairman of the Council of Workers and Soldiers of the Red Army – Smidovich. Jew.
3. Chairman of the 1st Council of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies – Model. Jew.
Members:
4. Sarkh. Jew.
5. Klammer. Jew.
6. Gronberg. Jew.
7. Sheinkman. Jew.
8. Rothstein. Jew.
9. Levinson. Jew.
10. Krasnopolsky. Jew.
11. Tsederbaum (Martov). Jew
12. Rivkin. Jew.
13. Simpson. Jew.
14. Tapkin. Jew.
15. Chic. Jew.
16. Falin. Jew.
17. Anderson. Latvian.
18. Vimba. Latvian.
19. Solo. Latvian.
20. Mikhelson. Jew.
21. Ter-Michan. Armenian.
22. Secretary – Klausner. Jew.
23. Director of the Bureau – Rosengolts. Jew.
Central Executive Committee of the 4th Russian Congress of Workers’ and Peasants’ Deputies
1. Chairman – Sverdlov. Jew.
2. Abelman. Jew.
3. Veltman (Pavlovich). Jew.
4. Axelrod. Jew.
5. Tsederbaum (Martov). Jew.
6. Krassikov. Jew.
7. Lundberg. Jew.
8. Kogan (Volodarsky). Jew.
9. Tsederbaum (Levitsky). Jew.
10. Radomyslsky (Uritsky). Jew.
11. Ulyanov (Lenin). Russian.
12. Zinoviev (Apfelbaum). Jew.
13. Bronstein (Trotsky). Jew.
14. Orphan. Jew.
15. Gimmer (Sukhanov). Jew.
16. Rivkin. Jew.
17. Zeibusch. Jew.
18. Ratner. Jew.
19. Bleichman (Solntsev). Jew.
20. A. Goldengudin. Jew.
21. Haskin. Jew.
22. Lander. Jew.
23. Aranovich. Jew.
24. Katz. Jew.
25. Fishman. Jew.
26. Abramovich. Jew.
27. Frikh. Jew.
28. Goldstein. Jew.
29. Reckless driver. Jew.
30. Knitshuk. Jew.
31. Berlinraut. Jew.
32. Distler. Jew.
33. Chernilovsky. Jew.
34. Ven. Smidovich. Jew.
Central Committee of the 5th Congress
1. Bruno. Latvian.
2. Breslau. Latvian.
3. Babchinsky. Jew.
4. Bukharin. Russian.
5. Weinberg. Jew.
6. Gailes. Jew.
7. Gainzberg. Jew.
8. Danishevsky. German.
9. Stark. Jew.
10. Legislative Assembly. Jew.
11. Lingeg. Jew.
12. Erdling. Jew.
13. Langevre. Jew.
14. Steinman. Jew.
15. Vollach. Czech.
16. Dimanstein. Jew.
17. Levin. Jew.
18. Yerman. Jew.
19. Ioffe. Jew.
20. Harklin. Jew.
21. Kniggisen. Jewish.
22. Rosenfeld (Kamenev). Jew.
23. Apfelbaum (Zinoviev). Jew.
24. Krylenko. Russian.
25. Krassikov. Jew.
26. Kapnik. Jew.
27. Kaul. Latvian.
28. Ulyanov (Lenin). Russian.*
29. Lakzes. Jew.
30. Knitshuk. Jew.
31. Lunacharsky. Russian(?)
32. Peterson. Latvian.
33. Peters. Latvian.
34. Rudzubtas. Latvian.
35. Rozin. Jew.
36. Smidovich. Jew.
37. Stuchka. Latvian.
38. Sverdlov. Jew.
39. Smilga. Jew.
40. Nakhamkes. Jew.
41. Sosnovsky. Jew.
42. Violinist. Ukrainian.
43. Bronstein. Jew.
44. Teodorovich. Jew.
45. Terian. Armenian.
46. Radomyslsky (Uritsky). Jew.
47. Tegelezhkin. Russian.
48. Feldman. Jew.
49. Frumkin. Jew.
50. Tsyurupa. Russian.
51. Tsirtsivadze. Georgian.
52. Sheikman. Jew.
53. Rosenthal. Jew.
54. Ashkenazi. Jew.
55. Karakhan. Jew.
56. Rose. Jew.
57. Radek (Sobelson). Jew.
58. Shlikter. Jew.
59. Cicolini. Jew.
60. Shiyansky. Jew.
61. Secretary of the Committee – Avanesov. Armenian.
And here is the Central Committee of the Social Democratic Labour Party:
1. Bronstein (Trotsky). Jew.
2. Ulyanov (Lenin). Russian.
3. Apfelbaum (Zinoviev). Jew.
4. Lurye (Larin). Jew.
5. Krylenko. Russian.
6. Lunacharsky. Russian (?)
7. Radomyslsky (Uritsky). Jew.
8. Kogan (Volodarsky). Jew.
9. Rosenfeld (Kamenev). Jew.
10. Smidovich. Jew.
11. Sverdlov. Jew.
12. Nakhamkes (Steklov). Jew.
Materials from the book “Jews in Russia and in the USSR” by Andrei Diky (published in New York in 1967) were used.
Description of the book:
“With rare exceptions, the Russian people have always and everywhere been unconditionally condemned for “anti-Semitism”, without even considering it necessary to find the cause of this phenomenon. Meanwhile, the disharmony in Russian-Jewish relations can neither be denied nor hushed up. This disharmony and mutual distrust existed from the very beginning of the appearance of Jews among the indigenous Russian population (all three branches of Rus: Great Russians, Little Russians-Ukrainians and Belarusians).
All this is called anti-Semitism, attributing the initiative to all non-Jews in the USSR and portraying the Jews as the suffering party. Everyone is guilty, except the Jews, who are always and in everything right…” the author writes. A. Diky’s book examines all the issues that existed in Russian-Jewish relations from the moment Jews appeared in Russia to the Brezhnev period in the history of the USSR. Written from an objective position, based on a large amount of factual material, this book became a classic of its genre and served as the basis for many historical works of this kind, including the famous study by A.I. Solzhenitsyn “Russians and Jews: 200 Years Together”.
The first edition of this book was published in New York in 1967. As the title of this essay indicates, it is limited by both time and territory. Time – only by those three periods when the Jewish ethnic group lived on the territory of the Russian state: the period of Kievan Rus; the period when Western and Southwestern Rus was under the rule of Poland; and the third period – the Russian Empire, renamed the USSR.
Territory – only the lands of the Russian people and the Russian State created by them. During the two thousand years of their stay in the diaspora, numerically different groups of Jews lived in different countries and among different peoples, in different periods of time. And invariably, wherever Jews appeared, along with them there appeared a conflict between them and the native population.
There appeared the “Jewish question” or “Jewish phobia” – what, beginning in the middle of the 19th century, has been called “anti-Semitism”.
Not having sufficient erudition to pass judgment on these questions, I do not attempt to give an exhaustive answer to them or to present them comprehensively and objectively in this essay. I limit myself to a description of the facts and events that took place.
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Please object with reasons. I myself am not sure of the accuracy of the lists provided. And of course, all nationalities were members of the Bolshevik and Communist parties. This list is exclusively about leadership positions.